500+ Basic Spanish Words and Phrases

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By Caitriona Maria

Spanish is the second most spoken language in the world, and it is the official language of twenty countries, so it is no wonder that so many people want to learn it.

Whether you are planning a trip to a Spanish-speaking country or you want to be able to communicate with your Hispanic neighbors, learning some basic Spanish words and phrases is a great place to start.

In this lesson, we will learn essential Spanish words and phrases you can use daily. We will also look at sight words crucial to reading and understanding the language.

Most Common Words

After analyzing more than 160 million word forms from the Corpus de Referencia del Espaรฑol Actual, the Real Academia Espaรฑola (RAE) compiled a list of 100 most common words.

The 100 most frequent Spanish words are:

  • of – de
  • the – la, el, lo, le, los, las
  • that/which – que
  • in, on – en
  • and – y, e
  • to, at – a
  • self, oneself – se
  • from the – del
  • a, an – un
  • by, for, through – por
  • with – con
  • no, not – con
  • a, an, one – una
  • his, hers, your, its – su, sus
  • for, to, in order to – para
  • is – es, estรก
  • to the – al
  • like, as – como
  • more – mรกs
  • or – o
  • but – pero
  • she/he/it has [done something] – ha [verb]
  • me – me
  • whether, if – si
  • without – sin
  • on top of, over, about – sobre
  • this – este / esta
  • already, still – ya
  • between – entre
  • when – cuando
  • all, every – todo, todos
  • to be – ser
  • they are – son
  • two – dos
  • too, also – tambiรฉn
  • was – fue, era
  • I/he/she/it/there was (or used to be) – habรญa
  • very – muy
  • years – aรฑos
  • until – hasta
  • from – desde
  • my – mi
  • because – porque
  • what? which? how adjective – quรฉ
  • only, solely – sรณlo
  • they/you (pl.) have [done something] – han
  • I – yo
  • there is/ there are – hay
  • time, instance – vez
  • can – puede
  • like that – asรญ
  • us – nos
  • neither, nor, no even – ni
  • part, message – parte
  • has – tiene
  • he, it – รฉl
  • one – uno
  • where – donde
  • fine, well – bien
  • time, weather – tiempo
  • same – mismo
  • that – ese, esa, eso
  • now – ahora
  • each, every – cada
  • life – vida
  • other(s), another – otro(s), otra(s)
  • after – despuรฉs
  • to you, for you, yourself – te
  • though, although, even though – aunque
  • he/she/it does/makes – hace
  • government – gobierno
  • so – tan
  • during – durante
  • always – siempre
  • day – dรญa
  • so much – tanto
  • she, her, it – ella
  • three – tres
  • yes – sรญ
  • said, told – dijo
  • been – sido
  • large, great, big – gran
  • country – paรญs
  • as, according to – segรบn
  • less, fewer – menos

Greetings

  • Hello/Hi – Hola
  • Goodbye – Adiรณs / Chao / Hasta luego
  • Please – Por favor
  • Thank you – Gracias / Gracias a ti
  • You’re welcome – De nada

Basic Spanish Words

  • Yes – Sรญ
  • No – No
  • Maybe – Quizรกs

Common Phrases

  • I don’t understand. – Yo no entiendo.
  • I don’t speak Spanish. – Yo no hablo espaรฑol.
  • Do you speak English? – ยฟHablas inglรฉs?
  • What is this? – ยฟQuรฉ es esto?
  • What does this mean? – ยฟQuรฉ significa esto?
  • I’m sorry. – Lo siento./ Disculpa

Questions

  • What is your name? – ยฟCรณmo te llamas?
  • How are you? – ยฟCรณmo estรกs?/ quรฉ tal?
  • I’m fine, thank you. – Estoy bien, gracias.
  • And you? – ยฟY tรบ?

Pronouns

  • I – Yo
  • You – Tรบ
  • You (formal) – Usted
  • He/She – ร‰l/Ella
  • We – Nosotros/as
  • You (plural) – Vosotros/as
  • You (plural, formal) – Ustedes
  • They – Ellos/Ellas

Possessives

  • My – Mi/ Mis
  • Your – Tu/ Tus
  • Your (formal) – Su/ Sus
  • His/Her – Su/Sus
  • Our – Nuestro(s)/a(s)
  • Your (plural) – Vuestro(s) / a(s)
  • Your (formal) – Su/ Sus
  • Their – Su/ Sus

Basic Verbs

  • To be – Ser
  • To have – Tener
  • To do – Hacer
  • To go – Ir
  • To come – Venir
  • To see – Ver
  • To want – Querer

Common Adjectives

  • Good – Bueno
  • Bad – Malo
  • Big – Grande
  • Small – Pequeรฑo
  • Pretty/Handsome – Guapo/Guapa

Days of the Week

  • Monday – Lunes
  • Tuesday– Martes
  • Wednesday– Miรฉrcoles
  • Thursday– Jueves
  • Friday– Viernes
  • Saturday– Sรกbado
  • Sunday– Domingo

Months of the Year

  • January – Enero
  • February – Febrero
  • March – Marzo
  • April – Abril
  • May – Mayo
  • June – Junio
  • July – Julio
  • August– Agosto
  • September– Septiembre
  • October– Octubre
  • November– Noviembre
  • December– Diciembre

Numbers

  • One – Uno
  • Two – Dos
  • Three – Tres
  • Four – Cuatro
  • Five – Cinco
  • Six– Seis
  • Seven– Siete
  • Eight– Ocho
  • Nine– Nueve
  • Ten– Diez

Common Animals

  • Cat – Gato
  • Dog – Perro
  • Bird – Pรกjaro
  • Horse – Caballo

Family Members

  • Mom – Mamรก /Madre
  • Dad – Papรก /Padre
  • Brother – Hermano
  • Sister – Hermana
  • Son – Hijo
  • Daughter – Hija

Meals

  • Breakfast – Desayuno
  • Lunch – Almuerzo
  • Dinner – Cena
  • Snack– Merienda

Common Foods

  • Apple – Manzana
  • Banana – Banana
  • Bread – Pan
  • Egg– Huevo
  • Rice– Arroz
  • Meat– Carne
  • Fruit– Fruta
  • Vegetable– Verdura /Vegetales
  • Grains– Granos

Drinks

  • Milk – Leche
  • Water – Agua
  • Coffee – Cafรฉ
  • Tea – Tรฉ

School things

  • Pencil – Lรกpiz
  • Paper– Papel
  • Book– Libro
  • Desk– Mesa

Outdoors

  • Sun – Sol
  • Moon – Luna
  • Star – Estrella
  • Sky – Cielo

People

  • Man – Hombre
  • Woman – Mujer
  • Child – Niรฑo/Niรฑa
  • Friend – Amigo/Amiga

Clothing

  • Shirt– Camisa
  • Pants– Pantalones
  • Dress– Vestido
  • Socks– Calcetines

Describe Someone

  • Tall – Alto/a
  • Short – Bajo/a
  • Fat – Gordo/a
  • Skinny – Delgado/a

Weather

  • Hot – Caliente
  • Cold – Frรญo
  • Rainy– Lluvioso
  • Snowy– Nevado

Hobbies

  • To read – Leer
  • To write– Escribir
  • To sing– Cantar
  • To dance– Bailar

Color

  • Red– Rojo
  • Orange– Naranja
  • Yellow– Amarillo
  • Green– Verde
  • Blue– Azul
  • Purple– Morado

Sports

  • To play basketball – Jugar al baloncesto
  • To play soccer – Jugar al fรบtbol
  • To play baseball – Jugar al bรฉisbol
  • Go for a walk – Dar un paseo / Ir a caminar

In the City

  • Bank – Banco
  • Park– Parque
  • City– Ciudad
  • Museum– Museo

Expressing likes/dislikes

  • I like it – Me gusta
  • I don’t like it – No me gusta
  • I want it – Lo quiero
  • I don’t want it – No lo quiero

At the restaurant

  • Are you ready to order? – ยฟEstรก listo para pedir?
  • I’m not ready yet – Todavรญa no estoy listo
  • A table for two, please – Una mesa para dos, por favor
  • I’ll have the chicken, please – Quiero el pollo, por favor
  • The bill, please – La cuenta, por favor

At the store

  • I’m looking for… – Estoy buscando…
  • How much is this? – ยฟCuรกnto cuesta esto?
  • Small, medium, or large? – ยฟPequeรฑo, mediano, o grande?
  • I’ll take it – Lo tomarรฉ
  • Credit card or cash? – ยฟTarjeta de crรฉdito o efectivo?
  • Bag – Bolsa
  • Receipt – Recibo

Countries

  • United States – Estados Unidos
  • China – China
  • Spain – Espaรฑa
  • Mexico – Mรฉxico
  • Argentina – Argentina
  • France – Francia
  • Germany – Alemania
  • Italy– Italia
  • Japan– Japรณn

Languages

  • Mandarin– Chino
  • Spanish– Espaรฑol
  • English– Inglรฉs
  • French– Francรฉs
  • Japanese– Japonรฉs
  • German– Alemรกn
  • Italian– Italiano

Transportation

  • Car – Coche / Carro
  • Bus – Autobรบs
  • Train – Tren
  • taxi– Taxi
  • Plane – Aviรณn

Directions

  • Left – Izquierda
  • Right – Derecha
  • Straight – Recto/Derecho

In an Emergency

  • Help! – ยกSocorro! /ยกAyuda!
  • Call the police! – ยกLlame a la policรญa!
  • Fire! – ยกFuego!

Sight Words

Sight words, known as ‘high-frequency words, are words that often occur in the text.

The following is a list of the most common sight words according to the Dolche word list. There are 220 words in total. The original list is frequently used to understand English words, but I translated them to Spanish for this lesson.

Pre-primer: (40 words)

  • a –  un/una
  • and –  y
  • away –  lejos
  • big – grande
  • blue – azul
  • can – poder
  • come – venir
  • down – abajo
  • find – encontrar
  • for – para
  • funny – divertido
  • go – ir
  • help – ayuda
  • here –  aquรญ
  • I – yo
  • in – en
  • is – eso
  • it – lo/ esto
  • jump – saltar
  • little – pequeรฑo / chiquito
  • look –  mirar
  • make – hacer
  • me – yo
  • my –  mi
  • not – no
  • one – uno/una
  • play – jugar
  • red – rojo
  • run – correr
  • said – dijo
  • see – ver
  • the – el/la
  • three – tres
  • to – a/ para
  • two – dos
  • up – subir
  • we – nosotros
  • where – donde
  • yellow – amarillo
  • you – usted/ustedes

Primer (52 words)

  • All –  todos
  • am –  soy/estoy
  • are –  son/estรกn
  • at –  en/a
  • ate –  comรญ
  • be –  ser/estar
  • black – negro
  • brown –  marrรณn/cafรฉ
  • but –  sino
  • came  –  vinieron
  • did  –  hicieron
  • do  –  hazlo
  • eat  –  comer
  • four  –  cuatro
  • get –  obtener
  • good –  bueno/a
  • have  –  tener
  • he –  รฉl
  • into  –  dentro
  • like  –  gustar
  • must –  debo
  • new –  nuevo
  • no –  no
  • now –  ahora
  • on  –  encendido/a
  • our –  nuestro
  • out –  salir
  • please –  por favor
  • pretty  –  bonito/a /lindo/a
  • ran –  corriรณ
  • ride  –  montar
  • saw –  vio
  • say  –  decir
  • she –  ella
  • so –  asรญ / entonces
  • soon –  pronto
  • that –  eso
  • there –  allรญ /allรก
  • they –  ellos
  • this –  esto
  • too –  tambiรฉn
  • under  –  debajo
  • want –  querer
  • was –  era
  • well –  bien / bueno
  • went –  fue
  • what –  quรฉ
  • white –  blanco
  • who  –  quiรฉn
  • will  –  va a/serรก
  • with –  con
  • yes –  sรญ

1st Grade: (41 words)

  • after –  despuรฉs
  • again –  otra vez/de nuevo
  • an –  un/una
  • any –  algรบn/alguna
  • as –  como
  • ask –  preguntar
  • by –  pasar
  • could  –  podrรญa
  • every –  todo / cada
  • fly –  volar
  • from –  de
  • give –  dar
  • going –  yendo/ir
  • had –  tuvo/habรญa
  • has –  tiene
  • her –  su/la / a ella
  • him –  a รฉl /su
  • his  –  su/los
  • how –  cรณmo/cuรกl
  • just –  sรณlo
  • know –  saber /conocer
  • let –  permitir/dejar
  • live –  vivir
  • may –  poder
  • of  –  de / en
  • old –  viejo/a
  • once –  una vez
  • open –  abrir
  • over –  sobre
  • put –  poner/colocar
  • round –  redondo/a /ronda
  • some –  algunos/algรบn
  • stop –  parar/detenerse
  • take –  tomar/llevar
  • thank –  agradecer / gracias
  • them –  ellos/ellas
  • then –  entonces
  • think –  pensar
  • walk –  caminar
  • were –  eran
  • when –  cuรกndo/mientras

2nd Grade: (46 words)

  • always – siempre
  • around – alrededor
  • because – debido a/porque
  • been – sido/estado
  • before – antes
  • best – mejor
  • both – ambos/los dos
  • buy – comprar
  • call – llamar/llamada
  • cold – frรญo
  • does – hacer
  • don’t – no hacer / no lo hago
  • fast – rรกpido/a
  • first – primer/a
  • five – cinco
  • found – encontrar
  • gave – dio
  • goes – ir
  • green – verde
  • its – su/eso
  • made – hecho/a
  • many – muchos/as
  • off – fuera
  • or – o
  • pull – tirar/jalar
  • read – leer
  • right – correcto/a/derecha
  • sing – cantar
  • sit – sentar
  • sleep – dormir
  • tell – contar/decir
  • their – su/ellos
  • these – estos
  • those – esos
  • upon – sobre
  • us – nosotros/nosotras
  • use – uso/utilizar
  • very – muy
  • wash – lavar
  • which – cual/que
  • why – por quรฉ
  • wish – desear / deseo
  • work – trabajo/funcionar
  • would – serรญa/deberรญa
  • write – escribir
  • your – tu/su

3rd Grade: (41 words)

  • about – sobre
  • better – mejor
  • bring – traer
  • carry – llevar
  • clean – limpiar
  • cut – cortar
  • done – hecho
  • draw – dibujar
  • drink – beber
  • eight – ocho
  • fall – otoรฑo/ caรญda
  • far – lejos
  • full – lleno/a
  • got – conseguir
  • grow – crecer
  • hold – sostener
  • hot – caliente
  • hurt – herido/a
  • if – si / y si
  • keep – mantener/guardar
  • kind – amable
  • laugh – reรญr
  • light – ligero/a
  • long – largo/a
  • much – mucho/a
  • myself – yo mismo/a
  • never – nunca
  • only – sรณlo
  • own – propio/a
  • pick – recoger
  • seven – siete
  • shall – deberรญa/va a
  • show – enseรฑar
  • six – seis
  • small – pequeรฑo/a / chiquito
  • start – comenzar
  • ten – diez
  • today – hoy
  • together – juntos/as
  • try – intentar
  • warm – tibio/a/cรกlido/a

Nouns List (95 words)

  • apple – manzana
  • baby – bebรฉ/niรฑo/a
  • back – atrรกs
  • ball – pelota
  • bear – oso
  • bed – cama
  • bell – campana
  • bird – pรกjaro
  • birthday – cumpleaรฑos
  • boat – barco/bote
  • box – caja/cajรณn
  • boy – chico/niรฑo
  • bread – pan
  • brother – hermano
  • cake – pastel
  • car – coche/auto
  • cat – gato
  • chair – silla
  • chicken – pollo
  • children – niรฑos/as
  • Christmas – Navidad
  • coat – abrigo/capa
  • corn – maรญz
  • cow – vaca
  • day – dรญa
  • dog – perro
  • doll – muรฑeca
  • door – puerta
  • duck – pato
  • egg – huevo
  • eye – ojo
  • farm – granja
  • farmer – agricultor
  • father – padre/papรก
  • feet – pies/patas
  • fire – fuego/fogรณn
  • fish – pez
  • floor – piso/suelo
  • flower – flor
  • game – juego
  • garden – jardรญn/huerto
  • girl – chica/niรฑa
  • good-bye – adiรณs/hasta luego/chao
  • grass – hierba/ cรฉsped
  • ground – suelo/tierra
  • hand – mano
  • head – cabeza
  • hill – colina
  • home – hogar
  • horse – caballo
  • house – casa
  • kitty – gato
  • leg – pierna/patas
  • letter – carta/letra
  • man – hombre
  • men – los hombres
  • milk – leche
  • money – dinero
  • morning – maรฑana
  • mother – madre/mamรก
  • name – nombre
  • nest – nido
  • night – noche
  • paper – papel
  • party – fiesta/partido
  • picture – cuadro/foto
  • pig – cerdo/chancho
  • rabbit – conejo
  • rain – lluvia/gota
  • ring – anillo
  • robin – petirrojo
  • Santa Claus – Papรก Noel
  • school – escuela / colegio
  • seed – semilla/grano
  • sheep – oveja
  • shoe – zapato/calzado
  • sister – hermana
  • snow – nieve
  • song – canciรณn/canto
  • squirrel – ardilla
  • stick – palo/varilla
  • street – calle/camino
  • sun – sol
  • table – mesa/tabla
  • thing – cosa/asunto
  • time – tiempo/vez
  • top – tapa
  • toy – juguete
  • tree – รกrbol
  • watch – reloj
  • water – agua
  • way – camino/modo
  • wind – viento
  • window – ventana
  • wood – madera/leรฑa

In Conclusion

Learning some basic Spanish words and phrases will help you communicate with Spanish speakers more easily. These words and phrases can be used in everyday situations, such as when introducing yourself or ordering food. By learning some simple vocabulary, you’ll be able to have basic conversations with Spanish speakers and understand what they’re saying to you.

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Education writer at  | https://www.tprteaching.com

Caitriona Maria is an education writer and founder of TPR Teaching, crafting inspiring pieces that promote the importance of developing new skills. For 7 years, she has been committed to providing students with the best learning opportunities possible, both domestically and abroad. Dedicated to unlocking students' potential, Caitriona has taught English in several countries and continues to explore new cultures through her travels.

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